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WO3sub> nanomaterials synthesized via a sol-gel method and calcination for use as a CO gas sensor

Diah SUSANTI,A.A. Gede Pradnyana DIPUTRA,Lucky TANANTA,Hariyati PURWANINGSIH,George Endri KUSUMA,Chenhao WANG,Shaoju SHIH,Yingsheng HUANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 179-187 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1431-0

摘要： Carbon monoxide is a poisonous and hazardous gas and sensitive sensor devices are needed to prevent humans from being poisoned by this gas. A CO gas sensor has been prepared from WO synthesized by a sol-gel method. The sensor chip was prepared by a spin-coating technique which deposited a thin film of WO on an alumina substrate. The chip samples were then calcined at 300, 400, 500 or 600 °C for 1 h. The sensitivities of the different sensor chips for CO gas were determined by comparing the changes in electrical resistance in the absence and presence of 50 ppm of CO gas at 200 °C. The WO calcined at 500 °C had the highest sensitivity. The sensitivity of this sensor was also measured at CO concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm and at operating temperatures of 30 and 100 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis of the WO calcined at 500 °C indicated that this sample had the highest gas adsorption capacity. This preliminary research has shown that WO can serve as a CO gas sensor and that is should be further explored and developed.

关键词： WO₃ nanomaterial sol-gel calcinations CO gas sensor sensitivity

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Photoelectrocatalytic generation of H and S from toxic HS by using a novel BiOI/WO nanoflake array photoanode

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 744-751 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0775-7

摘要： In this paper, a photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) recovery of toxic H₂S into H₂ and S system was proposed using a novel bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI)/ tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nano-flake arrays (NFA) photoanode. The BiOI/WO₃ NFA with a vertically aligned nanostructure were uniformly prepared on the conductive substrate via transformation of tungstate following an impregnating hydroxylation of BiI₃. Compared to pure WO₃ NFA, the BiOI/WO₃ NFA promotes a significant increase of photocurrent by 200%. Owing to the excellent stability and photoactivity of the BiOI/WO₃ NFA photoanode and I^–/

I 3 −

catalytic system, the PEC system toward splitting of H₂S totally converted S^2– into S without any polysulfide (

S x n −

) under solar-light irradiation. Moreover, H₂ was simultaneously generated at a rate of about 0.867 mL/(h·cm). The proposed PEC H₂S splitting system provides an efficient and sustainable route to recover H₂ and S.

关键词： bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI)/ tungsten trioxide (WO₃) nano-flake arrays (NFA) photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) H₂S splitting H₂ S

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Z-scheme CdS/WO on a carbon cloth enabling effective hydrogen evolution

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 678-686 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0768-6

摘要： Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen (H₂) generation is a potential strategy to solve the problem of energy crisis and environmental deterioration. However, powder-like photocatalysts are difficult to recycle, and the agglomeration of particles would affect the photocatalytic activity. Herein, a direct Z-scheme CdS/WO₃ composite photocatalyst was fabricated based on carbon cloth through a two-step process. With the support of carbon cloth, photocatalysts tend to grow uniformly for further applications. The experimental results showed that the H₂ yield of adding one piece of CdS/WO₃ composite material was 17.28 μmol/h, which was 5.5 times as compared to that of pure CdS-loaded carbon cloth material. A cycle experiment was conducted to verify the stability of the as-prepared material and the result demonstrated that the H₂ generation performance of CdS/WO₃ decreased slightly after 3 cycles. This work provides new ideas for the development of recyclable photocatalysts and has a positive significance for practical applications.

关键词： photocatalysis CdS/WO₃ carbon cloth Z-scheme hydrogen evolution

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Comparison of the morphology and structure of WO

Diah Susanti, Stefanus Haryo N, Hasnan Nisfu, Eko Prasetio Nugroho, Hariyati Purwaningsih, George Endri Kusuma, Shao-Ju Shih

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 371-380 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1215-3

摘要： Tungsten (VI) oxide (WO ) nanomaterials were synthesized by a sol-gel method using WCl and C H OH as precursors followed by calcination or hydrothermal treatment. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the materials. There were significant differences between the WO materials that were calcinated and those that were subjected to a hydrothermal process. The XRD results revealed that calcination temperatures of 300°C and 400°C gave hexagonal structures and temperatures of 500°C and 600°C gave monoclinic structures. The SEM images showed that an increase in calcination temperature led to a decrease in the WO powder particle size. The TEM analysis showed that several nanoparticles agglomerated to form bigger clusters. The hydrothermal process produced hexagonal structures for holding times of 12, 16, and 20 h and monoclinic structures for a holding time of 24 h. The SEM results showed transparent rectangular particles which according to the TEM results originated from the aggregation of several nanotubes.

关键词： WO₃ nanomaterial sol-gel method calcination hydrothermal

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Cu-doped Bi/Bi2sub>WO6sub> catalysts for efficient N2sub> fixation by photocatalysis

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1412-1422 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2312-1

摘要： In this paper, Cu-doped Bi₂WO₆ was synthesized via a solvothermal method and applied it in photocatalytic N₂ immobilization. Characterization results showed the presence of a small amount of metallic Bi in the photocatalyst, indicating that the synthesized photocatalyst is actually Bi/Cu-Bi₂WO₆ composite. The doped Cu had a valence state of +2 and most likely substituted the position of Bi³⁺. The introduced Cu did not affect the metallic Bi content, but mainly influenced the energy band structure of Bi₂WO₆. The band gap was slightly narrowed, the conduction band was elevated, and the work function was reduced. The reduced work function improved the transfer and separation of charge carriers, which mainly caused the increased photoactivity. The optimized NH₃ generation rates of Bi/Cu-Bi₂WO₆ reached 624 and 243 μmol·L^–1·g^–1·h^–1 under simulated solar and visible light, and these values were approximately 2.8 and 5.9 times higher those of Bi/Bi₂WO₆, respectively. This research provides a method for improving the photocatalytic N₂ fixation and may provide more information on the design and preparation of heteroatom-doped semiconductor photocatalysts for N₂-to-NH₃ conversion.

关键词： Bi₂WO₆ Cu doping work function photocatalytic N₂ fixation charge separation

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Chemical deactivation of V

Xiaodong WU, Wenchao YU, Zhichun SI, Duan WENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 420-427 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0489-0

摘要： V O -WO /TiO catalyst was poisoned by impregnation with NH Cl, KOH and KCl solution, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), N physisorption, Raman, UV-vis, NH adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H -TPR), temperature-programmed oxidation of ammonia (NH -TPO) and selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia (NH -SCR). The deactivation effects of poisoning agents follow the sequence of KCl>KOH>>NH Cl. The addition of ammonia chloride enlarges the pore size of the titania support, and promotes the formation of highly dispersed V=O vanadyl which improves the oxidation of ammonia and the high-temperature SCR activity. K ions are suggested to interact with vanadium and tungsten species chemically, resulting in a poor redox property of catalyst. More importantly, potassium can reduce the Br?nsted acidity of catalysts and decrease the stability of Br?nsted acid sites significantly. The more severe deactivation of the KCl-treated catalyst can be mainly ascribed to the higher amount of potassium resided on catalyst.

关键词： V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ potassium chloride poisoning reducibility acid sites

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Effective regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial V-W-Ti catalysts

Xuesong SHANG, Jianrong LI, Xiaowei YU, Jinsheng CHEN, Chi HE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 38-46 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1167-z

摘要： An effective method for the regeneration of thermally deactivated commercial monolith SCR catalysts was investigated. Two types of regenerated solutions, namely NH Cl (1 mol/L) and dilute H SO (0.5 mol/L), were employed to treat the used catalyst. The effects of temperature and the regeneration process on the structural and textural properties of the catalysts were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N adsorption/desorption, elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results suggest that the anatase phase of the used catalyst is maintained after exposure to high temperatures. Some of the catalytic activity was restored after regeneration. The catalyst regenerated by aqueous NH Cl had a higher activity than that of the catalyst treated by dilute H SO . The main reason is that the NH generated from the decomposition of NH Cl at high temperatures can be adsorbed onto the catalyst which promotes the reaction. The aggregated V O were partially re-dispersed during the regeneration process, and the intrinsic oxidation of ammonia with high concentrations of O is a factor that suppresses the catalytic activity.

关键词： V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts thermal deactivation regeneration NH₄Cl dilute H₂SO₄ solution

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Morphology selective construction of

Maher Darwish, Ali Mohammadi, Navid Assi, Samer Abuzerr, Youssef Alahmad

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 561-578 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1808-1

摘要： Controlled growth of Bi WO nanorods with exposed [0 0 1] facets and the fabrication of an Fe O -Bi WO magnetic composite by a microwave-assisted polyol process, were achieved in this study. The adsorptivity and photocatalytic performance of the composite toward sunset yellow dye degradation were greatly enhanced by the -cyclodextrin cavities on its surface, firmly anchored through a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide linkage. A series of examinations and characterizations were carried out to determine the influence of various factors on the morphological modulation-photocatalytic behavior of the pure Bi WO prior to final functionalization. Changing the pH of the precursor solution impacted the formation of 0D, 2D, and 3D structures; however, the presence of hexamethylenetetramine surfactant induced the development of 1D nanorod structure. A reasonable crystal growth mechanism was proposed to elucidate the formation process. Conversely, the mechanism of the activity enhancement of -cyclodextrin functionalized Fe O -Bi WO , compared to that of the non-functionalized samples, could be realized with the assistance of chemical trapping experiments on sunset yellow, and was confirmed on the colorless antibiotic (sulfamethoxazole). The high performance and durability of this composite can be attributed to the facet-dependent activity, large adsorption capacity due to inclusion interactions, enhanced visible light absorption, and efficient charge separation.

关键词： β-cyclodextrin Bi₂WO₆ shape controlled nanorod sunset yellow

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Fabrication of highly efficient Bi

Wei Mao, Lixun Zhang, Tianye Wang, Yichen Bai, Yuntao Guan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1344-8

摘要： Abstract • A novel Bi2WO6/CuS composite was fabricated by a facile solvothermal method. • This composite efficiently removed organic pollutants and Cr(VI) by photocatalysis. • The DOM could promoted synchronous removal of organic pollutants and Cr(VI). • This composite could be applied at a wide pH range in photocatalytic reactions. • Possible photocatalytic mechanisms of organic pollutants and Cr(VI) were proposed. A visible-light-driven Bi2WO6/CuS p-n heterojunction was fabricated using an easy solvothermal method. The Bi2WO6/CuS exhibited high photocatalytic activity in a mixed system containing rhodamine B (RhB), tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), and Cr (VI) under natural conditions. Approximately 98.8% of the RhB (10 mg/L), 87.6% of the TCH (10 mg/L) and 95.1% of the Cr(VI) (15 mg/L) were simultaneously removed from a mixed solution within 105 min. The removal efficiencies of TCH and Cr(VI) increased by 12.9% and 20.4%, respectively, in the mixed solution, compared with the single solutions. This is mainly ascribed to the simultaneous consumption electrons and holes, which increases the amount of excited electrons/holes and enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. Bi2WO6/CuS can be applied over a wide pH range (2–6) with strong photocatalytic activity for RhB, TCH and Cr(VI). Coexisiting dissolved organic matter in the solution significantly promoted the removal of TCH (from 74.7% to 87.2%) and Cr(VI) (from 75.7% to 99.9%) because it accelerated the separation of electrons and holes by consuming holes as an electron acceptor. Removal mechanisms of RhB, TCH, and Cr(VI) were proposed, Bi2WO6/CuS was formed into a p-n heterojunction to efficiently separate and transfer photoelectrons and holes so as to drive photocatalytic reactions. Specifically, when reducing pollutants (e.g., TCH) and oxidizing pollutants (e.g., Cr(VI)) coexist in wastewater, the p-n heterojunction in Bi2WO6/CuS acts as a “bridge” to shorten the electron transport and thus simultaneously increase the removal efficiencies of both types of pollutants.

关键词： Photocatalysis Bi₂WO₆/CuS Organic pollutants Cr(VI) Synergistic effect

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Rh2sub>O3sub>/hexagonal CePO4sub> nanocatalysts for N2sub>O decomposition

Huan Liu, Zhen Ma

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 586-593 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1659-6

摘要： Hexagonal CePO nanorods were prepared by a precipitation method and hexagonal CePO nanowires were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 150 °C. Rh(NO ) was then used as a precursor for the impregnation of Rh O onto these CePO materials. The Rh O supported on the CePO nanowires was much more active for the catalytic decomposition of N O than the Rh O supported on CePO nanorods. The stability of both catalysts as a function of time on stream was studied and the influence of the co-feed (CO , O , H O or O /H O) on the N O decomposition was also investigated. The samples were characterized by N adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, oxygen temperature-programmed desorption, and CO temperature-programmed desorption in order to correlate the physicochemical and catalytic properties.

关键词： Rh₂O₃ CePO₄ N₂O decomposition

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含稀释剂的Al-Cr2sub>O3sub>体系燃烧合成反应热力学分析与反应模型

张衍诚,潘冶,张传

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第6期页码 63-67

摘要：

对含稀释剂Al203和Cr203的Al-Cr203体系燃烧合成反应进行了热力学计算与分析，讨论了起始反应温度T0、稀释剂Al2O3和Cr2O3的含量对绝热反应温度7^的影响，并得出T0与Tad在特定温度段上的近似线性关系以及该关系在指导材料成分设计上的应用；揭示了反应驱动力—&mdash

关键词：金属陶瓷燃烧合成 Al-Cr203体系热力学反应模型

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In-MOF-derived In2sub>S3sub>/Bi2sub>S3sub> heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 654-663 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0885-5

摘要： Transition metal sulfides are commonly studied as photocatalysts for water splitting in solar-to-fuel conversion. However, the effectiveness of these photocatalysts is limited by the recombination and restricted light absorption capacity of carriers. In this paper, a broad spectrum responsive In₂S₃/Bi₂S₃ heterojunction is constructed by in-situ integrating Bi₂S₃ with the In₂S₃, derived from an In-MOF precursor, via the high-temperature sulfidation and solvothermal methods. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of wide-spectrum response, effective charge separation and transfer, and strong heterogeneous interfacial contacts, the In₂S₃/Bi₂S₃ heterojunction demonstrates a rate of 0.71 mmol/(g∙h), which is 2.2 and 1.7 times as much as those of In₂S₃ (0.32 mmol/(g∙h) and Bi₂S₃ (0.41 mmol/(g∙h)), respectively. This paper provides a novel idea for rationally designing innovative heterojunction photocatalysts of transition metal sulfides for photocatalytic hydrogen production.

关键词： photocatalytic hydrogen production wide-spectrum response metal sulfides MOFs derivative heterogeneous interfacial contact

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The stabilization effect of Al2sub>O3sub> on unconventional Pb/SiO2sub> catalyst

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1423-1429 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2315-y

摘要： Similar to Sn, Pb located at the same group (IVA) in the periodic table of elements, can also catalyze propane dehydrogenation to propene, while a fast deactivation can be observed. To enhance the stability, the traditional carrier Al₂O₃ with a small amount, was introduced into Pb/SiO₂ catalyst in this study. It has been proved that Al₂O₃ can inhibit the reduction of PbO, and weaken the agglomeration and loss of Pb species due to its enhanced interaction with Pb species. As a result, 3Al15Pb/SiO₂ catalyst exhibits a much higher stability up to more than 150 h. In addition, a simple schematic diagram of the change of surface species on the catalyst surface after Al₂O₃ addition was also proposed.

关键词： Pb/SiO₂ Al₂O₃ propane dehydrogenation propene stability

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Effective degradation of tetracycline by mesoporous Bi

Xiaolong CHU,Guoqiang SHAN,Chun CHANG,Yu FU,Longfei YUE,Lingyan ZHU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 211-218 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0753-y

摘要： Bi WO was synthesized with a hydrothermal method at different pHs and used for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) in water. The mesoporous Bi WO prepared at pH 1 (BWO-1) displayed the highest adsorption and degradation capacity to TC due to its large surface area and more efficient capacity to separate photogenerated electrons and holes. 97% of TC at 20 mg·L was removed by BWO-1 at 0.5 g·L after 120 min irradiation under simulated solar light. Only 31% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was removed after 360 min irradiation although the TC removal reached 100%, suggesting that TC was mainly transformed to intermediate products rather than completely mineralized. The intermediates were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS) and possible photodegradation pathways were proposed.

关键词： Bi₂WO₆ hydrothermal synthesis tetracycline (TC) photocatalysis

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acid anions on highly efficient Ce-based catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3sub>

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期页码 1399-1411 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2345-5

摘要： Three kinds of Ce-based catalysts (CePO₄, CeVO₄, Ce₂(SO₄)₃) were synthesized and used for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH₃. NH₃-SCR performances were conducted in the temperature range of 80 to 400 °C. The catalytic efficiencies of the three catalysts are as follow: CePO₄ > CeVO₄ > Ce₂(SO₄)₃, which is in agreement with their abilities of NH₃ adsorption capacities. The highest NO conversion rate of CePO₄ could reach about 95%, and the catalyst had more than 90% NO conversion rate between 260 and 320 °C. The effect of PO₄^3–, VO₄^3– and SO₄^2– on NH₃-SCR performances of Ce-based catalysts was systematically investigated by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, NH₃ temperature programmed desorption, H₂ temperature programmed reduction and field emission scanning electron microscopy tests. The key factors that can enhance the SCR are the existence of Ce⁴⁺, large NH₃ adsorption capacity, high and early H₂ consumptions, and suitable microstructures for gas adsorption. Finally, CePO₄ and CeVO₄ catalysts also exhibited relatively strong tolerance of SO₂, and the upward trend about 8% was detected due to the sulfation enhancement by SO₂ for Ce₂(SO₄)₃.

关键词： CePO₄ CeVO₄ Ce₂(SO₄)₃ selective catalytic reduction NO removal